Fifty years of age, with a multitude of health problems, he appears at the clinic to rule out parkinsonism as the cause of his tremor. Since he began using the CPAP machine to sleep, he has noticed feeling tremulous in the morning. Sometimes the symptom lasts only an hour, but occasionally the feeling stretches out to encompass the entire day. The movement disorder specialist asks what part of the body is affected. With his hand to his chest, the patient indicates he feels the vibrations occurring in his torso, and the movements feel similar to the heart palpitations he's experienced, though he has asked his wife to touch his shoulder and see whether she can detect the quivering motion, and she feels nothing.
The doctor considers this then gazes at the patient's medical history. Various practitioners have diagnosed the patient with lupus, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis- all neurological conditions. The doctor states that lupus can produce a wide range of neurological conditions, and possibly tremor. Diabetics may also experience tremor in an episode of low blood sugar or hypoglycemia, occurring due to an imbalance between insulin or diabetic medication, food consumption and level of exercise and activity. The patient is unable to exercise due to failed spinal surgery. He recounts he has put on eighty pounds because of his immobility. Diabetes as a cause of the trembling doesn't seem to fit the patient's description of the action continuing throughout the day.
The specialist relates in a study he is familiar with, people with Parkinson's disease were asked whether they experienced an internal tremor. Those that reported such a sensation all had depression in common. For people diagnosed with PD, there appears to be a correlation of that symptom and clinical depression. Though the patient lacks slowness, rigidity, and a resting tremor, a course of an antidepressant may alleviate his symptom. The medication the physician has in mind is an old-fashioned antidepressant, Doxepine. However, the medication can't be given to people with cardiac arrhythmias, which he experiences. Inderal or the generic propanalol is helpful in blocking tremor, though the medication also veils the symptoms that come as a consequence of hypoglycemia; dangerous for a diabetic who may pass out or experience a seizure when blood sugars drop too fast.
Depending upon how uncomfortable the tremor is, the physician concedes the whole class of SSRI's that include Zoloft, Paxil and Prozac are possibilities, if he would like to see whether they calm the symptom. The physician concedes the good news is the patient does not have evidence to suggest he suffers from parkinsonism.
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Sunday, September 5, 2010
Second Opinion
The dark glasses he wears lie on the physician's desk in front of him; he had cataracts removed from both eyes, but he still suffers from macular degeneration- a condition where retina gradually thins and results in blindness. He carries a large magnificying glass which he holds close to his nose as he peers at his list of medications. The purpose of the visit is to seek another opinion regarding the tentative diagnosis of Parkinsonism. He has already seen several physicians who have conflicting opinions about his tremor.
Losing his hearing, the patient asks the doctor to speak up, interrupting him, as he speaks. The doctor repeats himself, with abbreviated thoughts. The patient holds his palm up towards the doctor, interrupting, telling him to let him speak. His hands are big, his finger long. Several of the fingernails on his left hand are cropped off, midway through the nail. He is 88 years old and states with a serious expression that he expects to live to 120. An American chess champion in the over 75-year division, he visits Florida once a year to compete. He claims in his youth he could play ten games blindfolded, now he can play only one game this way; his short term memory is not what it was. But it is the tremor in his hands that bothers him, especially when eating soup. Three years ago, he noticed his handwriting became larger and shakier. He comments also he has lost the bounce in his step; he no longer rises up onto his forefoot when he walks. Balancing is tricky.
The doctor stands and takes the man's hand, and folds it inward towards his shoulder and out. He tells the patient his upper body is supple, without rigidity. The patient concedes he was a magician, and takes a packet of cards from a small leather case in his trouser pocket. He describes a trick he was able to do with one hand, holding the deck of cards divided into two bundles, he was able to shuffle them with one hand. Standing, he positions the cards in his left hand, and then nothing happens. The doctor follows his actions, and nods, understanding dexterity is gone from his hands. With a tuning fork, the doctor assesses the patient's reflexes and notes whether the patient can sense the vibration of the fork, when applied to the bony prominences of his feet and legs. Noteworthy, the patient fails to feel vibration applied to the right leg. The physician explains it is a cheap way of assessing the integrity of the long nerves in the body, and states the lack of sensation explains some of the change in his walking style, as he appears to have a mild sensory neuropathy. The cause, the physician guesses is from compression of the nerve roots in the spine. The doctor explains we rely on three mechanisms to keep us upright in space; position sense derived from the sensory nerves in our limbs that pick up vibration, fine touch and temperature; our vestibular system and our vision.
When the physician summarizes his findings, he notes the patient has a mild action tremor, and a mild sensory abnormality in the right leg and foot. He would like an MRI to look at the blood vessels of the brain. However, the patient leaves on Thursday to his home state, he'd prefer to have the testing performed there. The doctor agrees to send notes to the physicians involved in his care and the conversation shifts to what sort of cutting edge therapies exist in the field of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Sitting behind the desk, the physician explains a study in which people with Alzheimer's are getting GCSF(granulocyte- colony stimulating factor) to remove the amyloid plaques from the brain and improve cognition. The patient voices some interest in undergoing the same treatment, and the doctor wonders whether that would be ethical, or even practical, as the patient lacks the symptoms of those with the illness. He also notes when the amyloid is removed it can get stuck in small blood vessels, and result in micro-hemorrhages. He is unsure of the consequences of such trauma in the brain of a healthy, yet older individual. The man, wearing a woolen red sweater over a collared shirt, reaches into a file and withdraws the list of therapies he receives regularly from a physician whose specialty is aging. In the second or third line is a product called Neupogen, the same substance used in the research study for patients with Alzheimer's.
Losing his hearing, the patient asks the doctor to speak up, interrupting him, as he speaks. The doctor repeats himself, with abbreviated thoughts. The patient holds his palm up towards the doctor, interrupting, telling him to let him speak. His hands are big, his finger long. Several of the fingernails on his left hand are cropped off, midway through the nail. He is 88 years old and states with a serious expression that he expects to live to 120. An American chess champion in the over 75-year division, he visits Florida once a year to compete. He claims in his youth he could play ten games blindfolded, now he can play only one game this way; his short term memory is not what it was. But it is the tremor in his hands that bothers him, especially when eating soup. Three years ago, he noticed his handwriting became larger and shakier. He comments also he has lost the bounce in his step; he no longer rises up onto his forefoot when he walks. Balancing is tricky.
The doctor stands and takes the man's hand, and folds it inward towards his shoulder and out. He tells the patient his upper body is supple, without rigidity. The patient concedes he was a magician, and takes a packet of cards from a small leather case in his trouser pocket. He describes a trick he was able to do with one hand, holding the deck of cards divided into two bundles, he was able to shuffle them with one hand. Standing, he positions the cards in his left hand, and then nothing happens. The doctor follows his actions, and nods, understanding dexterity is gone from his hands. With a tuning fork, the doctor assesses the patient's reflexes and notes whether the patient can sense the vibration of the fork, when applied to the bony prominences of his feet and legs. Noteworthy, the patient fails to feel vibration applied to the right leg. The physician explains it is a cheap way of assessing the integrity of the long nerves in the body, and states the lack of sensation explains some of the change in his walking style, as he appears to have a mild sensory neuropathy. The cause, the physician guesses is from compression of the nerve roots in the spine. The doctor explains we rely on three mechanisms to keep us upright in space; position sense derived from the sensory nerves in our limbs that pick up vibration, fine touch and temperature; our vestibular system and our vision.
When the physician summarizes his findings, he notes the patient has a mild action tremor, and a mild sensory abnormality in the right leg and foot. He would like an MRI to look at the blood vessels of the brain. However, the patient leaves on Thursday to his home state, he'd prefer to have the testing performed there. The doctor agrees to send notes to the physicians involved in his care and the conversation shifts to what sort of cutting edge therapies exist in the field of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Sitting behind the desk, the physician explains a study in which people with Alzheimer's are getting GCSF(granulocyte- colony stimulating factor) to remove the amyloid plaques from the brain and improve cognition. The patient voices some interest in undergoing the same treatment, and the doctor wonders whether that would be ethical, or even practical, as the patient lacks the symptoms of those with the illness. He also notes when the amyloid is removed it can get stuck in small blood vessels, and result in micro-hemorrhages. He is unsure of the consequences of such trauma in the brain of a healthy, yet older individual. The man, wearing a woolen red sweater over a collared shirt, reaches into a file and withdraws the list of therapies he receives regularly from a physician whose specialty is aging. In the second or third line is a product called Neupogen, the same substance used in the research study for patients with Alzheimer's.
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